TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: However, neither the TCGA-LIHC nor the Xiangya HCC cohorts exhibited significant correlations between risk scores and immune/stromal scores (Additional file 2: Fig. S3C-3D).Further investigation of immunosuppressive cytokine profiles revealed significantly elevated expression of TGF-β and IL-10 in high-risk patients within the TCGA-LIHC cohort (Additional file 2: Fig. S3E-3 F), suggesting that enhanced de novo lipogenesis in these patients may upregulate these cytokines, potentially facilitating Treg recruitment and fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment.