In the GSEA of the RNA-seq dataset of Xenograft and dataset of TCGA-CHOL, several classical immune related pathways were also enriched, such as KEGG TCR-PLCG-ITPR signaling pathway, KEGG CD80/CD86-CTLA4-PP2A signaling pathway, HALLMARK INTERFERON ALPHA RESPONSE, suggesting that the anti-tumor immunity function might be involved in DCDC2-mediated ICC progression (Fig. 3A). Here, DCDC2 is linked to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.