TGFB1 and Hyperglycemia: Moreover, CVL-SNEDS was discovered to be more powerful than CVL, as it improves hyperglycemia, restricts the synthesis of mesangial cell proteins in the ECM induced by elevated glucose concentrations, and inhibits glomerular hypertrophy, reduces BUN, creatinine, ACR, KIM-1, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the levels of TGF-β1 in the glomeruli of treated groups.