MAPT and Alzheimer disease: To address these differences, animal models have been developed to replicate the anomalies characteristic of sporadic AD cases, focusing on risk factors such as metal ion imbalances and oxidative stress, lipid metabolism abnormalities, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota disorders, autophagy dysfunction, and insulin resistance—factors commonly associated with aging but often underrepresented in FAD models and likely preceding the emergence of tau and Aβ pathologies, at least according to some disease progression models.108, 109