TMEM37 and infection: Moreover, transcriptomic data have shown that PR1 genes are upregulated in maize following infection with various pathogens, including Sporisorium reilianum, Sesamia nonagrioides, Fusarium moniliforme, Glomerella graminicola, and Phytophthora cinnamomi (Ma et al., 2022), supporting their broad role in plant defense.