Each standardized unit increment in ln-transformed AGP concentrations was associated with significantly higher odds of depression (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.17-3.57) and a 1.47-point increase in PHQ-9 scores (β = 1.47, 95% CI: 0.37-2.56) in the fully adjusted model. Here, ATP5MK is linked to major depressive disorder.