PDGFRA and neoplasm: Strategies to overcome RAI resistance include (1): tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that improve RAI uptake by inhibiting multiple receptors (e.g., VEGFR, c-KIT, PDGFRα/β; (2) drugs that restore RAI affinity (e.g., BRAF inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, MEK inhibitors (135); (3) drugs that induce redifferentiation of DTC cells and restore NIS expression and iodine uptake capacity (e.g., retinoic acid [RA], all-trans retinoic acid [ATRA]); and (4) the use of nanoparticles as drug carriers to increase RAI concentration in tumor tissues (136).