Additionally, M2d macrophages are involved in tumor progression, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through the secretion of IL‐10, TGF‐β, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), while exhibiting low levels of IL‐12, TNF, and IL‐1β expression [39]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and neoplasm.