In liver disease, higher serum IL‐10 levels are also associated with higher disease severity [13], Kupffer cells interact with Toll‐like receptor (TLR)2/3 to induce IL‐10 production [14], so endogenous IL‐10 is critical in maintaining immune tolerance, while exogenous IL‐10 administration can exacerbate liver inflammation and fibrosis [15], and studies have shown that IL‐10 production by effector CD8+ T cells promotes their own intrahepatic survival, thereby supporting rather than inhibiting hepatic immunopathology [15] (Figure 1A). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and liver disorder.