RSAD2 and diabetes mellitus: For instance, STAT1 and STAT2 function as signal transducers and transcription factor activators linked to inflammation (Owen, et al., 2019; Agashe, et al., 2022); RSAD2 is an interferon-related DNase that plays a pivotal role in immune regulation (Chen, et al., 2024); MX1, known for inhibiting viral entry (Haller, et al., 2015), may also serve as a potential inflammatory target in diabetes (Wang, et al., 2024).