IL18 and acute liver failure: In vivo studies in different acute liver failure (ALF) animal models have shown the existence of cell death by necrosis resulted in rapid IL-1α precursor release and upregulation of IL-1β and IL-18, leading to tissue injury (Chen et al., 2007; Sakurai et al., 2008; Sultan et al., 2017) with massive upregulation of anti-inflammatory molecule IL-1Ra (Gabay et al., 1997).