HMOX1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: It is summarized that several signaling pathways currently participate in pyroptosis in DCM, including TLR4/NF-kB (Wang F. et al., 2019), AMPK/ROS/TXNIP (Wang et al., 2022a; Wang et al., 2022b) and AMPK/SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1/NF-kB (Wang Y. et al., 2019) inflammasome signaling pathways, among others.