Ginsenoside RK1 modulates the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby optimizing mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and alleviating Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathology (She et al., 2024). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.