Ginsenoside RK1 modulates the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), thereby optimizing mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and alleviating Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathology (She et al., 2024). The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.