TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Our results demonstrated that on co-culture with adipocytes, DCs from mice with diet-induced obesity accelerated adipocyte differentiation, increased expression of inflammatory genes like TNF-α and leptin, and stimulated the adipocytes to secrete inflammatory cytokines like IL-17A, TNF-α and chemokines CCL5, CCL4, CCL3, MCP-3, CXCL10, and CXCL2.