The presence of autoreactive B cells of mostly naïve phenotype in HCs and their shift towards memory compartments in autoimmune diseases has also been shown in other studies on antigen-specific B cells: against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis or against citrullinated peptides (ACPA) in ACPA-positive RA (57, 58). This evidence concerns the gene TPO and Hashimoto thyroiditis.