VEGFA and pulmonary arterial hypertension: The upregulation of VEGF in dogs 24 hours after stimulation therefore indicates that structural changes occur in the lungs, and, accordingly, these mechanisms could also contribute to pulmonary hypertension in dogs infected with A. vasorum, a clinical sign that is rare but does occur (Borgeat et al., 2015; Glaus et al., 2010; Paradies et al., 2013).