Consistently, in the present study, our findings indicated that Drp1 overexpression significantly increased the level of ROS and upregulated the expression of PGC1-α, Nrf1, and Nrf2, which enhanced the expression of MMP2 and MMP9, thereby promoting the metastasis of ESCC cells. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.