To explore whether CA125 expression in these cells could be useful as a clinical biomarker, we prospectively assayed preoperative serum CA125 levels in bladder cancer patients undergoing surgery and found CA125 levels to be higher in those with HV tumor components in their final pathology compared to those with UC only (22.7 ± 6.6 U/mL vs 11.6 ± 8.8 U/mL, p = 0.007) (Fig. 1G). Here, MUC16 is linked to neoplasm.