CXCL1 and glioblastoma: In summary, this study first discovered that EGFRvIII- positive GBM could drive macrophages towards M2 polarization and secrete the immunosuppressive cytokine CXCL1 by activating the c-Fos-MDK-LRP1 signaling pathway, providing a new target for precise immunotherapy for specific subtypes or genotypes of GBM.