The study found that the IONA test had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting these chromosomal abnormalities from maternal blood samples, highlighting its potential as a reliable screening tool for pregnant women seeking information about fetal genetic conditions without the need for invasive procedures like amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling.[50] The study by Estacio et al found that the deletion polymorphism of the ACE gene was associated with an increase in left ventricular mass among men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and type 2 diabetes mellitus.