NPPB and Stroke: Using clusters of genetic variants representing different AF-associated mechanistic pathways,12 we investigated associations between genetically predicted AF pathways and AF-related intermediate phenotypes, encompassing cardiac electrical, structural, and functional characteristics (ECG parameters,16–18 left atrial [LA] size and function,19–21 left ventricular [LV] function,22,23 NT-proBNP [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide],24,25 and high-sensitivity cardiac troponins25–27), and examined their relevance to the risk of stroke.