Study hypotheses were that compared to healthy individuals, dogs with newly diagnosed IMHA and ITP would have: (1) increased proportions and numbers of CD4+ and CD8 + lymphocytes; (2) decreased proportions and numbers of T regulatory (CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3+) cells; (3) increased proportions and numbers of IL-17 + lymphocytes, and (4) that these changes would persist for up to 4 days after the start of treatment. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.