Among the WRA, the observed prevalence was significantly greater than the prevalence expected by chance alone for anemia co-occurring with ID by SF (19% vs 14%; P = 0.002), any ID (23% vs 17%; P = 0.001), vitamin A deficiency (1% vs 0.3%; P = 0.028), and elevated CRP (5% vs. 3%; P = 0.023). This evidence concerns the gene CRP and anemia (phenotype).