LTN1 and atherosclerosis: To further investigate the association between macrophage expression of Listerin and atherosclerosis, we measured the expression of Listerin in coronary atherosclerotic plaques and found a strong positive correlation between macrophage Listerin and plaque progression (i.e., pathological intimal thickening [PIT], fibroatheroma) (Figure 1F and Supplemental Figure 1G), suggesting that Listerin plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis.