Moreover, intercellular crosstalk analysis revealed that iCAFs may promote tumor angiogenesis and immune suppression in H. pylori infection-associated GC, by intercellular interaction with Angio-TAM through the VEGFA/B-VEGFR1 pathway, and TIGIT+ suppressive T cells through the NECTIN2-TIGIT pathway, respectively. Here, VEGFA is linked to gastric cancer.