Additionally, iCAFs were notably enriched in tumor angiogenesis, ECM, TGFβ, and VEGF pathway, our results also showed that iCAFs could interact not only with immunosuppressive T cells through the NECTIN2-TIGIT and THBS1/2-CD47 axes, but also with Angio-TAMs through the VEGFA/B-VEGFR1 and ANGPTL-SDC2 axes. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.