IL1B and post-traumatic stress disorder: 2020; Ghosh et al. 2021; L. Yang et al. 2024). Similar studies have reported significantly elevated levels of IL‐1β, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and nitric oxide (NO) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, further supporting the hypothesis that excessive activation of inflammatory pathways may be one of the key mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PTSD (S.‐C. Wang, Lin, et al. 2018; M. Wang, Duan, et al. 2018).