In this study, we established a T2DM mouse model using HFD combined with STZ and investigated the effects of peony flowers polyphenols (PP) on the fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, glucose tolerance, serum biochemical indicators, liver oxidation indicators, and intestinal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in T2DM mice. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.