PTEN and polycystic ovary syndrome: The single time point design of the study prevents the establishment of direct causal relationships between DNA methylation of genes, such as PTEN, and gene expression changes in PCOS. The study relied on a relatively small cohort of 20 controls and 20 women with PCOS, limiting the generalizability of the results. Due to the pilot nature of the study, further evaluation through larger, diverse populations needs to be investigated.