Factors that exacerbate anaphylaxis (referred to as cofactors or augmentation factors) include male sex; exercise; alcohol consumption; psychological stress; use of oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), β-receptor blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ACE-I/ARBs); and underlying conditions, such as mastocytosis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).4 This evidence concerns the gene ACE and anaphylaxis.