OTX2 and breast cancer: 58). Interestingly, as Liu J’s results (Ref. 53) showed increased methylation instability in the TNBC and HER2 BC subtypes, Pham’s work revealed a similar tendency, with the TNBC and luminal B-HER2 subtypes exhibiting a significant proportion of hypermethylation (Ref. 58). Moreover, four regions of DMR covering the SOX17, RASSF1 and OTX2 genes with significant hypermethylation rates distinguished BC patients from healthy individuals (Ref. 58).