TGFB1 and neoplasm: Tumor-induced MSCs can further activate and release chemoprotective and immunomodulatory factors, including CXCL1, CXCL2, and IL-8, which are beneficial for tumor progression, among which MSCs produce CXCL2, VEGF, TGF-β, and IL-6, which can further increase tumor invasiveness by promoting tumor angiogenesis.