SOCS3 and Insulin resistance: In addition, Further studies identified that LCN2 and SOCS3 were the downstream targets of EGR1. The above findings suggest that IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 secreted from M1-polarized macrophages stimulated by abnormally elevated TSH upregulate EGR1 expression, transcriptionally activating LCN2 and SOCS3 and aggravating insulin resistance in hepatic, adipose and skeletal muscle cells.