NFKB1 and Insulin resistance: The above findings indicate that cytokines IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 from TSH-activated macrophages upregulate the levels of EGR1, LCN2 and SOCS3 via the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways, thereby inducing insulin resistance in hepatic, adipose and skeletal muscle cells.