DNAJC5 and malaria: In the meantime, malaria vaccines have been pursued by various approaches including attenuation of the sporozoites by radiation.43 Experiments in rodent models propelled scientists to identify the “target antigen” on the sporozoite surface, which led to the cloning of the gene coding for the circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) in Pf malaria.44–46 CSP has, since then, been regarded as the primary malaria vaccine candidate.47 Later, the central repetitive region of CSP was selected and biosynthesized (expressed) in a fused form with the S-antigen of the Hepatitis B virus.