ICAM1 and malaria: CD36 is a receptor for most N-terminal DBL–CIDR domain cassettes across various PfEMP1 variants, a common feature of the majority of PfEMP1 variants (types B and C).260,261 Another receptor common to the PfEMP1 A and B types is ICAM-1.250,262 Antibodies against the PfEMP1 NTS-DBL1α domain can inhibit rosette formation and cytoadherence of iRBCs.263 Moreover, antibodies against the PfEMP1 head structure DBL-CIDR domain are more indicative of malaria exposure than are those against the DBL-α tag,264 offering insights into exposure and immunity dynamics.