IFNG and infection: T follicular helper (TFH) cells, marked by BCL-6, CXCR5, and PD-1 expression, are critical for antibody production and the generation of long-lived plasma cells and memory B cells during Plasmodium infection.290,291 TFH and TH1 differentiation pathways diverge early in blood-stage infection, influenced by inflammatory monocytes and galectin-1.292 Despite this, IL-21 from IFN-γ+ TFH cells is crucial for resolving P. chabaudi infections by promoting specific IgG responses and immunity to reinfection.293