Moreover, myostatin inhibits the transcription of genes that promote myogenesis, further restraining muscle growth.51 A study by Gonzalez-Ponce et al. revealed that RA patients exhibited significantly higher serum myostatin levels compared to controls, suggesting that elevated myostatin levels (≥ 17 ng/mL) are effective markers for identifying RA complications, myopenia and reduced skeletal muscle mass.6 Additionally, Lin et al. discovered that high myostatin levels correlated with increased rates of radiographic progression in RA patients. This evidence concerns the gene MSTN and rheumatoid arthritis.