CD4 and neoplasm: Taken together with our observation that treatment of ex vivo tumours with IFNγ led to an increase in CXCL9 (a CXCR3 ligand) in mdTAMs (Fig 6F), these data are consistent with the presence of a positive feedback loop where CXCL9 or CXCL10 derived from MHC-II+ or MHC-II– mdTAMs respectively recruit IFNγ-expressing CD4+ T cells to the tumour core, which in turn enhance T cell–recruiting chemokine production by TAMs.