FTO and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Genome-wide association studies found that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FTO gene were associated with obesity parameters such as BMI; however, the proportion of population affected by alterations to the FTO genes greatly vary on the population being studied as population frequencies have been reported up to 46% in Western and Central Europeans and up to 29% in Asians (413-418).