Studies have demonstrated that in people with T2D, aerobic exercise increases whole-body insulin sensitivity by ∼20% and reduces HbA1C levels by 0.8% (45, 50, 51), while high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) elevates expression of genes involved in muscle mitochondrial activity and lipid utilization (45). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.