TNF and Stroke: In the brain specifically, these findings are supported by a recent transcriptomic study showing upregulation of TNF expression and NF‐κB signaling in response to cerebral endothelial cell injury in vitro and in an in vivo middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke, with TNF upregulation persisting for 24 h post‐MCAO injury (Ji et al. 2024).