TNF and infection: These findings are consistent with those of the PUCCINI cohort, where pre‐operative anti‐TNF exposure in IBD patients undergoing abdominal surgery was not associated with an increased post‐operative infection rate [33], and a meta‐analysis published in 2020 examining pre‐operative biologic therapy effect on post‐operative complication rates in UC, which did not find an increased risk of complications with biologic therapy [34].