PTEN and neoplasm: The experimental outcomes documented in Table 4 and Figure 9 showed that SPOP plays an oncogenic role in kidney tumorigenesis by targeting key tumor suppressors, including AR, Daxx, DUSP7, Gli2, PTEN, SETD2, and LATS1, and these proteins are essential for regulating cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis.