COL1A1 and cardiac hypertrophy: At the molecular level, the HFpEF hearts exhibited increased expression of genes related to cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis, including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP) and Collagen type I alpha 1 chain (Col1α1) (Figure S3A-C), as well as significantly elevated global protein S-nitrosylation (Figure S3D-E).