FN1 and colorectal carcinoma: Conversely, CAF_MMP11 cells exhibiting a myofibroblastic CAF phenotype interacted with malignant epithelial cells via signaling pathways such as THBS, MK, and FN1, likely promoting CRC progression. Conclusions: Our research highlights the distinct immunological and hormonal responses in CRC by sex, which may explain the observed prognostic disparities.