The main mechanisms by which F. nucleatum promotes CRC progression are related to its adhesin molecule FadA, and dysregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway, in which β-catenin forms a protein complex with FadA, Annexin A1 protein, and E-cadherin protein, is associated with CRC progression changes (Rubinstein et al., 2019). Here, ANXA1 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.