In parallel, a variety of precise and robust analytical techniques, including mass spectrometry and automated ultrasensitive immunoassays, have been established for quantifying plasma concentrations of AD-related biomarkers (Cai et al., 2023; Stockmann et al., 2020; Teunissen et al., 2022), such as Aβ (West et al., 2021), t-Tau, p-Tau (Karikari et al., 2020; Mielke et al., 2018; O’Connor et al., 2021; Palmqvist et al., 2020; Thijssen et al., 2020; Thijssen et al., 2021), neurofilament light chain (NfL) (Olsson et al., 2016). Here, NEFL is linked to Alzheimer disease.