NPPB and atrial fibrillation: According to literature reviews, the following indicators can be comprehensively evaluated for diagnosis: 1) abnormal electrocardiograms, such as sinus tachycardia and atrial fibrillation 161; 2) elevated markers of myocardial injury, such as elevated cTn and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) 162, 163; 3) abnormal echocardiographic indicators, such as lower e′ and higher E/e' 164, increased global longitudinal strain (GLS), and right ventricular wall strain 12, 165.