PDCD10 and cerebral cavernous malformation: For instance, studies have shown that aberrations in the ERK-MAPK pathway can influence cellular proliferation and survival in CCM endothelial cells (10, 11).It was discovered that the development of CCM is related to inflammation, with CCM3 gene potentially inducing an inflammatory response and immune cell infiltration by upregulating inflammation-related genes in endothelial cells of mice (12).