These peptide-HLA (pHLA) targeting ACTs, such as those targeting the New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) or melanoma-associated antigen A4 (MAGE-A4) pHLAs, have demonstrated clinical efficacy against solid tumors, with the MAGE-A4 TCR T-cell therapy afamitresgene autoleucel recently receiving regulatory approval (8). This evidence concerns the gene MAGEA4 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.