In AE patients, genes involved in inflammation, chemotaxis, and positive immune regulation, including IL-21, IL21-AS1, IL6ST, IL31RA, CCR2, CCR5, CXCL9, and CXCR3, were upregulated, while genes encoding for the antagonists of pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors, including IL1R2, IL1RN, were down regulated (Figure 3A). This evidence concerns the gene IL1RN and acrodermatitis enteropathica.