AD: Alzheimer’s disease; OS: oxidative stress; MCI: mild cognitive impairment; aMCIA: amnestic mild cognitive impairment; PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; CSF: cerebral spinal fluid; LPS: lipopolysaccharides; GSDMD Gasdermin D; PET: positron emission tomography; ApoE: apolipoprotein E; NDAN: nondemented with Alzheimer’s neuropathology; CRP: C-reactive protein. Here, APOE is linked to Cognitive impairment.