DYRK1A and Autoimmunity: Although extreme caution should be taken when interpreting experiments using small molecules–subject to potential off-target effects–, all these data agree with reports suggesting decreased Treg function and increased risk of autoimmunity in people with DS (Araya et al., 2019; Malle et al., 2023; Pellegrini et al., 2012), and allude to the plausible use of DYRK1A inhibitors as an innovative path for the treatment of T21-associated auto-inflammatory conditions.