For instance, TGF-β can initiate the EMT process in PCa by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which dissociates the E-cadherin/catenin complex from the actin cytoskeleton (Torrealba et al., 2020; Song et al., 2019; Hu et al., 2018). Here, TGFB1 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.